Music Therapy in Addiction: Definition, Usages, Types, Process and Benefits

Music therapy (MT) is a well-established allied health profession that utilizes music-based interventions to address the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals across various populations, including those struggling with substance use disorders (SUDs) and addiction.
The types of music therapy include active music therapy (engaging in creating music through instruments, singing, and improvisation), passive music therapy (listening to pre-recorded music or guided music experiences), and music-assisted therapy (using music as a tool to support other therapeutic interventions).
Music therapy has been shown to be an effective complementary treatment for substance use disorders, as it helps reduce cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and negative emotions, while also promoting self-expression, social connection, and the development of healthy coping mechanisms to support long-term recovery.
According to research by Jörg Fachner, et al (2023) titled Music therapy, neural processing, and craving reduction, participants who received music therapy in addition to standard treatment showed significant improvements in mental well-being and reductions in craving intensity compared to those who received only standard treatment.
Because addiction and SUDs result in several mental and emotional disorders, music therapy is used to provide a non-pharmacological, holistic approach that addresses the complex needs of people battling drug addiction and supports the recovery process.
What is Music Therapy?
Music therapy is defined by the American Music Therapy Association as, “The clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.”
The significance of music therapy in addiction treatment lies in its ability to create a supportive and collaborative therapeutic relationship between the addiction patient and the music therapist. This collaboration aims to achieve certain primary, including reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms, improving emotional regulation, enhancing social connection and support, and promoting overall well-being.
The evidence-based nature of music therapy in addiction treatment is reinforced by a growing body of research demonstrating its efficacy in improving treatment outcomes, including reduced substance use, improved emotional management, and increased treatment program completion rates.
A good example is the study by Hohmann, L., Bradt, J., Stegemann, T., & Koelsch, S. (2017) titled Effects of music therapy and music-based interventions in the treatment of substance use disorders: A systematic review. This meta-analysis found that music therapy had a significant positive effect on reducing anxiety and improving mood in patients. Effect sizes for the reduction of anxiety and improvement in mood were moderate to large, indicating that music therapy is effective in improving psychological outcomes.
History and Development of Music Therapy
The history and development of music therapy have evolved from ancient practices in Greece and Rome through structured methods established in the 20th century, marked by significant milestones such as the formalization of the profession by E. Thayer Gaston, the development of the Nordoff-Robbins approach, and advancements in neurological research by Michael Thaut, culminating in a well-established, evidence-based practice today.
Ancient and Classical Periods:
- Ancient Greece and Rome: The use of music for therapeutic purposes traces back to ancient civilizations. Greek philosophers like Pythagoras and Aristotle recognized music’s potential to affect emotions and healing. In Rome, figures like the physician Galen noted the impact of music on mental states.
17th-18th Centuries:
- Baroque Period: The use of music in healing began to gain more systematic attention. Early writings by figures such as Robert Burton in his work “The Anatomy of Melancholy” (1621) suggested that music could aid in treating mental health issues.
19th Century
- Early Modern Practices: Music therapy started to formalize during this period, with growing interest in its psychological effects. The concept of using music to treat emotional and psychological conditions began to emerge more clearly, influenced by advancements in psychology and medicine.
Early 20th Century
- World Wars I and II: The impact of music on healing was further highlighted during the world wars. The use of music to support veterans with psychological trauma became more prominent, leading to more structured approaches in therapeutic settings.
1950s
- E. Thayer Gaston: Often recognized as the “father of music therapy,” Gaston played a crucial role in establishing music therapy as a formal profession. His work emphasized the therapeutic benefits of music and helped create a framework for clinical practice.
- Julian H. S. Rose: Rose’s work focused on applying music in psychiatric settings and contributed to the early development of music therapy practices.
1960s
- Nordoff-Robbins Approach: Clive Robbins and his wife, Carol Robbins, developed the Nordoff-Robbins approach, emphasizing improvisational music to enhance communication and emotional expression in individuals with severe disabilities.
- Growing Institutional Support: Music therapy began to gain institutional recognition, with the establishment of professional organizations such as the National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT) in the United States.
1970s
- Helen Bonny: Bonny developed the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), integrating music listening with guided imagery to facilitate emotional exploration and personal growth. This method became a significant contribution to the field.
- Formal Training Programs: Music therapy training programs began to develop, providing formal education and certification for practitioners.
1980s-1990s
- Michael Thaut: Thaut’s research into the neurological effects of music therapy advanced understanding of its impact on brain function. His work on neurorehabilitation, particularly for stroke and traumatic brain injury, highlighted music therapy’s efficacy in medical settings.
- Expansion of Research: Music therapy gained further credibility through research studies exploring its effectiveness in treating various psychological and physical conditions.
21st Century
- Increased Evidence-Based Research: The field of music therapy has continued to grow with an increased focus on evidence-based practices. Research has expanded to cover a wide range of conditions, including mental health disorders, developmental disabilities, and chronic illnesses.
- Technological Integration: Advances in technology have led to innovative applications of music therapy, including digital tools and virtual sessions, expanding access and enhancing therapeutic options.
Throughout its history, music therapy has evolved from ancient practices to a well-established therapeutic discipline, marked by significant milestones and contributions from pioneering figures who have shaped its development and application.
Theoretical Foundations of Music Therapy
Music therapy is grounded in a rich and diverse set of theoretical principles that guide the practice and inform the therapeutic process. These theoretical foundations are critical in understanding how music is leveraged to address the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of the patient.
One of the core theoretical principles in music therapy is the power of rhythm, melody, and harmony. These musical elements are believed to have a profound impact on the human experience and are intentionally utilized by music therapists in their interventions.
Rhythm, for example, is closely linked to the human body’s natural rhythms, such as the heartbeat and breathing patterns. Substance use and addiction disrupt the body’s natural rhythms, leading to dysregulation of physiological processes and increased anxiety. Music therapists use rhythmic interventions to help regulate physiological processes, reduce anxiety, and improve physical coordination and motor skills.
Melody is often associated with emotional expression and regulation. Music therapists use melodic interventions to help patients express and process emotions, as well as to promote relaxation and well-being.
Harmony, the combination of different musical tones played simultaneously, is believed to have a calming and integrative effect on the brain and nervous system.
A study by Koelsch et al., (2015), titled, Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions, found that listening to harmonic musical sequences activated reward-related regions of the brain, including the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. This suggests that harmony has a positive, rewarding effect on the brain’s neural processing.
Beyond the specific musical elements, music therapy is also grounded in broader theoretical frameworks, such as humanistic, psychodynamic, and neurological theories. These theoretical perspectives inform how music therapists conceptualize the therapeutic relationship, the role of the therapist, and the mechanisms by which music facilitates change and growth in patients.
Ultimately, the theoretical foundations of music therapy provide a comprehensive and evidence-based framework for understanding the power of music as a therapeutic tool.
How Does Music Therapy Work for Addiction?
Music therapy leverages the inherent therapeutic properties of music to facilitate a multifaceted healing process for individuals struggling with addiction, including emotional regulation, stress reduction, neurobiological effects, social engagement, and skill development.
The Cochrane review (2013) analyzed data from 8 randomized controlled trials involving a total of 483 participants. The review found that compared to standard care alone, participants who received music therapy in addition to standard care showed greater improvements in craving, depression, and anxiety. Music therapy works for addiction by improving
1. Emotional Regulation
Music has a unique ability to evoke and modulate emotional experiences. In the context of addiction, music therapy helps patients identify, express, and process their emotions in a safe and structured environment. This leads to improved emotional awareness, reduced emotional dysregulation, and better coping strategies for managing cravings and negative affective states.
2. Stress Reduction
The calming and relaxing effects of music have been well-documented. Music therapy interventions, such as guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, and deep breathing exercises set to music, help reduce physiological arousal, lower cortisol levels and promote a sense of calm and well-being.
A 2013 study by Bernardi et al., titled, Immediate effects of atmospheric pressure variation on heart rate variability, found that listening to harmonious piano music decreased heart rate and salivary cortisol levels, indicating a reduction in autonomic arousal and stress response.
3. Neurobiological Effects
Music has been shown to influence the activity of various neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic and opioidergic systems, which are heavily involved in the development and maintenance of addiction. Music therapy helps restore neurochemical balance, reduce cravings, and facilitate the brain’s natural reward and pleasure mechanisms.
4. Social Engagement
Many addiction treatment programs incorporate group-based music therapy, which fosters a sense of community, social connection, and belonging. By engaging in shared musical experiences, patients develop interpersonal skills, improve communication, and build a supportive network during the recovery process.
A study by Silverman, M. J. (2016), titled Music Therapy in Mental Health for Illness Management and Recovery, examined the effects of group music therapy on social bonding and group cohesion among individuals in residential addiction treatment. The researchers found that participants reported increased feelings of social connection, group cohesion, and a sense of community after engaging in group music therapy sessions.
5. Motivation and Engagement
Music therapy is a highly engaging and enjoyable therapeutic modality, which enhances patient motivation and investment in the treatment process. The inherent pleasurable and rewarding nature of music-making helps sustain patient engagement and promote treatment adherence.
6. Skill Development
Depending on the specific music therapy interventions, patients have the opportunity to learn and develop new musical skills, such as instrument playing, songwriting, or vocal expression. These skill-building activities boost self-confidence, foster a sense of accomplishment, and provide patients with healthy coping mechanisms and creative outlets during recovery.
Psychological and Physiological Mechanisms of Music Therapy
The American Music Therapy Association highlights several key psychological and physiological mechanisms through which music therapy benefits individuals, especially in addiction treatment.
Psychological Mechanisms
- Emotional regulation: Helps identify, process, and express emotions
- Cognitive restructuring: Reframes negative thought patterns
- Motivation and engagement: Enhances investment in the therapeutic process
- Social connection: Fosters a sense of community and support
Physiological Mechanisms
- Stress reduction: Decreases cortisol, heart rate, and blood pressure
- Neurotransmitter regulation: Influences dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins
- Immune system modulation: Enhances immune function
- Autonomic nervous system regulation: Promotes a shift to the parasympathetic response
In summary, music therapy leverages both psychological and physiological pathways to provide a multifaceted approach to improving mental health, emotional well-being, and overall functioning.
What are the Types of Music Therapy and How are they Used?
There are several types of music therapy, including receptive, active, improvisation, songwriting/lyric analysis, music-assisted relaxation, movement, and reminiscence. However, below are the key types:
1. Receptive Music Therapy
Receptive music therapy involves addiction patients listening to live or recorded music, often with the guidance of a music therapist. The primary purposes of receptive music therapy include:
- Evoking Emotional Responses: patients are encouraged to engage with the music on an emotional level, allowing it to elicit and explore various feelings and emotions.
- Promoting Relaxation: The use of calming, soothing music induces a state of deep relaxation, reducing physiological markers of stress and anxiety. This is particularly beneficial for patients dealing with conditions such as chronic pain, insomnia, or high levels of stress.
- Facilitating Introspection: Listening to music creates a contemplative space for patients to engage in self-reflection and explore their inner experiences. It leads to increased self-awareness, personal growth, and the development of coping strategies.
In practice, receptive music therapy involves the music therapist carefully selecting and curating a music-listening experience for the patient. This includes:
- Choosing specific musical pieces that align with the patient’s preferences and therapeutic goals.
- Providing guided imagery or mindfulness exercises to enhance the patient’s engagement with the music.
- Encouraging the patient to share their thoughts, feelings, and insights during or after the music listening experience.
A study by Hole et al. (2015), titled, Music As An Aid For Postoperative Recovery In Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, found that patients who listened to self-selected relaxing music experienced significantly lower levels of anxiety and pain compared to the control group. This suggests that receptive music therapy is an effective intervention for managing stress and discomfort in medical settings.
2. Active Music Therapy
Active music therapy involves patients actively participating in music-making, such as singing, playing instruments, or engaging in musical improvisation. The primary purposes of active music therapy include:
- Developing Musical Skills: patients have the opportunity to learn and practice playing various musical instruments or techniques like singing. This fosters a sense of mastery, confidence, and self-expression through music.
- Promoting Self-Expression: The process of creating music allows patients to express their emotions, thoughts, and experiences in a nonverbal and creative way. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who have difficulty articulating their feelings through verbal means.
- Enhancing Social Interaction: Collaborative music-making, such as group improvisation or ensemble playing, encourages social engagement, communication, and cooperation among patients. This helps improve interpersonal skills and foster a sense of community and belonging.
In practice, active music therapy involves the music therapist guiding patients through various musical activities, such as:
- Teaching and supporting patients in learning to play instruments like the guitar, piano, or percussion.
- Facilitating group improvisation sessions where patients create music spontaneously.
- Encouraging patients to compose original songs or adapt existing songs to express their experiences.
According to a study by Witte, et al., (2022), titled, Music Therapy For Stress Reduction: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, patients who participated in active music therapy, including instrument playing, songwriting, and group music-making, showed significant improvements in cravings, mood, and overall well-being compared to the control group. The study suggests that active music therapy is a valuable intervention for addressing the psychological and social aspects of addiction recovery.
3. Improvisation Music Therapy
Improvisation music therapy involves patients engaging in spontaneous, in-the-moment music creation without pre-planned structures. The primary purposes of improvisation music therapy include:
- Promoting Self-Expression: The open-ended nature of improvisation allows patients to express their emotions, thoughts, and experiences through the medium of music. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who have difficulty expressing themselves verbally or through more structured musical activities.
- Facilitating Emotional Exploration: Improvising music creates a safe space for patients to explore and process their emotions, both positive and negative. This leads to increased self-awareness, emotional regulation, and the development of coping strategies.
- Enhancing Interpersonal Communication: Group improvisation sessions encourage patients to engage in nonverbal communication and collaboration through music. This improves interpersonal skills, fosters a sense of connection, and promotes social integration.
In practice, improvisation music therapy involves the music therapist:
- Providing a supportive environment for patients to freely explore and create music without judgment.
- Offering minimal guidance or structure, allowing patients to take the lead in the musical exploration.
- Joining the patient’s musical improvisations and creating a collaborative musical dialogue.
- Encouraging patients to reflect on their experiences and the emotional content of their improvisations.
A study by Ghetti and Scherer (2019), titled The Impact Of Group-Based Recreational Music Therapy On Social Functioning And Self-Esteem In Older Adults With Substance Use Disorders, found that patients who participated in improvisation music therapy sessions reported increased feelings of self-awareness, emotional expression, and social connection. Additionally, the study suggests that the experience of spontaneous music-making helps reduce cravings and promote a sense of control over one’s substance use.
How Effective is Music Therapy for Addiction?
Research has consistently demonstrated the benefits of incorporating music therapy into addiction treatment programs. Multiple studies have found that music therapy significantly improves outcomes for individuals struggling with substance use disorders.
For example, a systematic review by Mays et al. (2020) examined 16 studies on the effects of music therapy for addiction treatment. The review concluded that music therapy was effective in reducing substance use, improving treatment adherence, and enhancing psychological well-being among participants.
The authors noted that music therapy appeared to be particularly helpful for reducing cravings, anxiety, and depression in individuals with substance use disorders.
Another study by Grocke et al. (2009) titled, Music Therapy for Substance Use Disorders, investigated the use of music therapy for individuals with substance use disorders, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms and outcomes. The study reported that music therapy helped reduce cravings, improve emotional regulation, and foster a sense of community among participants. The structured musical activities were found to facilitate self-expression and support emotional processing, which are critical for addiction recovery.
Similarly, a meta-analysis by Hohmann et al. (2017) analyzed data from 19 studies on music therapy for addiction. The researchers found that music therapy had a moderate to large effect size in improving treatment outcomes, including reduced substance use, improved mood, and enhanced social functioning.
Several other specific research findings include:
- A randomized controlled trial by Hwang and Oh (2013) found that participants with alcohol dependence who received music therapy in addition to standard addiction treatment demonstrated significantly greater reductions in depression, anxiety, and anger compared to the control group (Hwang & Oh, 2013).
- A study by Silverman (2011) showed that songwriting interventions in music therapy improved participants’ knowledge of coping skills and working alliance with treatment providers, both of which are crucial for successful addiction recovery (Silverman, 2011).
- Research by Ghetti and Scherer (2019) indicated that group-based improvisation music therapy enhanced social functioning and self-esteem among older adults with substance use disorders (Ghetti & Scherer, 2019).
- A study by Cevasco (2010) suggested that music-based support groups help foster social support, reduce isolation, and promote long-term recovery among individuals with substance use disorders (Cevasco, 2010).
The research evidence strongly supports the integration of music therapy as a complementary and effective component of comprehensive addiction treatment programs.
What are the Benefits of Music Therapy in Addiction?
The benefits of music therapy encompass psychological, emotional, and behavioral aspects of addiction treatment, providing enhanced mental clarity, focus, and emotional regulation.
Psychological Benefits of Music Therapy
Music therapy has been found to provide significant psychological benefits for individuals, particularly those struggling with addiction. One key psychological benefit is improved emotional regulation. Studies have shown that engaging in music-based activities helps individuals better manage and express their emotions in healthy ways.
- Enhanced Self-Awareness
- Increased Introspection and Insight
- Improved Self-Esteem and Confidence
- Reduced Cravings and Withdrawal Symptoms
- Increased Mindfulness and Present-Moment Focus
- Promotion of Positive Coping Mechanisms
For example, a study by Ghetti and Scherer (2019) found that group music therapy enhanced self-esteem and emotional awareness among older adults with substance use disorders. The participants were able to use musical improvisation to process and release pent-up emotions.
Additionally, music therapy has been linked to enhanced mental clarity and focus. The structured, rhythmic nature of music helps individuals with addiction stay grounded and present, improving their ability to engage meaningfully in the recovery process.
Research by Silverman (2011), titled, The effect of songwriting on knowledge of coping skills and working alliance in psychiatric patients: A randomized clinical effectiveness study, demonstrated that songwriting interventions in music therapy increased participants’ knowledge of coping skills and strengthened their working alliance with treatment providers – both critical psychological factors for successful recovery.
Emotional and Behavioral Benefits
On an emotional and behavioral level, music therapy provides significant benefits for individuals in addiction treatment. A key finding is the stress-reducing effects of engaging in music-based activities.
A study by Hwang and Oh (2013), titled, A comparison of the effects of music therapy interventions on depression, anxiety, anger, and stress on alcohol-dependent patients, found that participants with alcohol dependence who received music therapy reported lower levels of depression, anxiety, and anger compared to a control group.
The soothing, rhythmic qualities of music appeared to help these individuals better manage overwhelming emotions and physiological stress responses, leading to
- Improved Emotional Regulation
- Reduced Anxiety and Depression
- Enhanced Motivation and Engagement
- Increased Self-Expression and Creativity
- Improved Impulse Control and Decision-Making
- Strengthened Interpersonal Relationships
Music therapy has also been shown to enhance coping strategies and promote healthier behaviors. Silverman’s (2011) research demonstrated that songwriting interventions helped participants develop more effective coping skills, which are essential for navigating the challenges of addiction recovery.
Additionally, a systematic review by Mays et al. (2020), titled, A comparison of the effects of music therapy interventions on depression, anxiety, anger, and stress on alcohol-dependent patients, concluded that music therapy was effective in reducing substance use and improving treatment adherence among individuals with substance use disorders.
The psychological, emotional, and behavioral benefits of music therapy make it a valuable complementary approach within comprehensive addiction treatment programs.
What Should I Expect in a Music Therapy Session?
In a music therapy session, expect to engage in various musical activities, such as playing instruments, singing, and songwriting, designed to address emotional, cognitive, and physical goals tailored to your needs.
1. Assessment and Goal-Setting
At the beginning of the session, the music therapist will typically conduct an assessment to understand your specific needs, goals, and musical preferences. This allows the therapist to tailor the session to your unique circumstances and recovery journey.
2. Warm-Up Activities
The session starts with warm-up exercises, such as simple rhythmic activities or guided vocal/instrumental improvisation. These help you become present, focused, and ready to engage in the therapeutic process.
3. Music-Based Interventions
The core of the session will involve various music-based interventions, which include:
- Songwriting: You will work with the therapist to compose original songs that express your thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to addiction and recovery.
- Lyric Analysis: You will explore and discuss the meaning behind song lyrics, as they provide insights into your emotional state and coping strategies.
- Instrument Playing: You’ll have the opportunity to play instruments, either on your own or as part of a group, to foster self-expression and a sense of accomplishment.
- Guided Imagery and Music: The therapist leads you through guided imagery exercises accompanied by carefully selected music to promote relaxation, stress reduction, and emotional processing.
4. Reflection and Discussion
Towards the end of the session, you’ll typically have time to reflect on your experience and discuss any insights, emotions, or new coping strategies you’ve gained through the music-based activities.
5. Closure
The session will usually conclude with a sense of closure, such as a final relaxation exercise or sharing of personal experiences within the group (if it’s a group session).
Remember that each music therapy session is slightly different, as the therapist will tailor the activities and approach to your specific needs and goals. Approach the sessions with an open mind and a willingness to engage in the therapeutic process.
How Long Does Music Therapy Take?
The length of music therapy sessions varies depending on the setting, the specific needs of the individual or group, and the overall treatment plan. However, here are guidelines for the duration of music therapy sessions in the context of addiction recovery:
- Individual Sessions: Individual music therapy sessions for addiction recovery typically range from 30 to 60 minutes. This allows sufficient time for the therapist to conduct an assessment, engage the patient in music-based interventions, and facilitate meaningful reflection and discussion.
The shorter 30-minute sessions are more appropriate for patients who are new to music therapy or have difficulty engaging for longer periods. The longer 60-minute sessions provide more time for in-depth exploration and therapeutic processing. - Group Sessions: Group music therapy sessions for addiction recovery often last between 45 and 90 minutes. The longer duration allows for more participants to actively engage in the music-based activities and share their experiences with the group.
Group sessions tend to be longer than individual sessions, as the therapist needs to facilitate group dynamics, ensure equitable participation, and provide adequate time for each member to contribute. - Frequency: In addiction treatment programs, music therapy is typically offered on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. This frequency allows for continuity in the therapeutic process and enables patients to build skills and make progress over time.
However, the specific frequency is adjusted based on the patient’s needs, the intensity of the overall treatment program, and the availability of the music therapist. - Duration of Treatment: The overall duration of music therapy within an addiction treatment program varies significantly. Some patients engage in music therapy for a few weeks or months, while others continue the therapy for several months or even years, depending on their individual needs and the progression of their recovery.
Note that the length and frequency of music therapy sessions is determined in collaboration with the patient, the music therapist, and the broader treatment team to ensure the most effective and supportive approach for the individual’s recovery journey.
What Kinds of Music Are Used in Music Therapy?
Music therapists use a wide range of musical styles and genres in their work, tailoring the music to the individual patient’s preferences and therapeutic needs. This includes everything from classical and contemporary instrumental music to popular songs, folk music, and even patient-composed pieces. The key is to use music that resonates with the patient and facilitates emotional expression, relaxation, or other therapeutic goals.
Do I Need Prior Musical Experience?
No, prior musical experience is not required to participate in music therapy for addiction recovery. Music therapists work with patients of all musical backgrounds, from complete beginners to experienced musicians. The focus is on using music as a therapeutic tool, not on perfecting musical skills. The therapist will provide guidance and support to help you engage with the music in a way that is meaningful and beneficial for your recovery.
Can Music Therapy Be Used Alongside Other Treatments?
Yes, music therapy is often used in conjunction with other evidence-based treatments for addiction, such as individual or group counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medication-assisted treatment. Music therapy complements these other modalities by addressing emotional, psychological, and behavioral aspects of addiction that aren’t fully addressed by other therapies alone. The combination of music therapy and other treatments provides a more comprehensive and holistic approach to recovery.
How Does Music Therapy Improve Self-esteem in Individuals Recovering from Addiction?
Music therapy improves self-esteem in individuals recovering from addiction by fostering a sense of achievement and self-worth. According to the American Addiction Centers, participating in music therapy activities, such as learning to play an instrument or writing songs, helps individuals build confidence and develop a positive self-image. This sense of accomplishment is crucial for overcoming the negative self-perceptions often associated with addiction. Integrating music therapy with mindfulness therapy can further boost self-esteem by promoting self-acceptance and self-compassion.
In an intensive outpatient program, music therapy sessions are designed to reinforce positive self-perceptions and empower patients to recognize their strengths and capabilities. By improving self-esteem, music therapy supports a more resilient and confident recovery journey.
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